The development of policies and programs for effective HIV and AIDS control has been ongoing for about 30 years. In order to provide solid evidence and basis for policy development of HIV and AIDS in Indonesia, these policies and programs need to be thoroughly examined. Changes in the epidemic situation, in government systems, the global situation and initiatives, the involvement of civil society organisations, and groups affected by HIV and AIDS are various factors that influence the evolution of policy and programs on HIV and AIDS over the years.