Despite the enormous potential of Indonesia as a medical device target market, there has been hitherto almost no rigorous analysis focusing on such issues as Indonesian medical devices industry structure, the capability of the industry to meet local demand and the extent to which Indonesian medical devices manufacturers can compete with their competitors in domestic and international markets. This book attemps to provide a quick assessment of Indonesian medical devices' competitiveness over the last decade. The assessment will be quantitative based on economic concepts of revealed competitive advantage (RCA), revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA) and trade balance index (TBI). This book is part of our project dedicated to the improvement of Indonesia's competitiveness in the global economy, which include the competitiveness of Indonesian medical devices industry. It is our hope that the book can stimulate further debates about the existence of Indonesian medical devices industry. It is also our hope that the book can be a guiding reference for the development of Indonesian medical devices industry in the future